Thursday, April 24, 2008

Nicole's Visit/Triangular Tour (Dec 13 -17)


































INDIA - December 12-29, 2007

When I learned that my Dad had successfully secured a post in India, I knew that I must join him for a visit. Having grown up hearing stories of his time there in the sixties and knowing how India holds a special place in his heart, it was clear that he would be guide second to none.

(Besides, it was time to learn what the words we were used to hearing as kids – “chalo” and “nimbo pane” - came from!)

As the Fates would have it, it worked out better for me to fly out from Vienna than Budapest. After soaking in some of the atmosphere at the Vienna Christmas Market, it was time to trade Europe for Asia.

My flight arrived very late in Delhi, and from the mass of people at immigration, it was not the only one! After a somewhat stressful time getting pushed and nudged along, thankfully my passport was stamped and I found my way through the confusion of renovations to the exit. In the sea of brown faces at arrivals, there was Daddio, all smiles and arms outstretched for a great big hug. Meanwhile outside, our taxi with driver was waiting.

How did I know I was in India? The honking of the traffic and the scent of the night air were clues. But I really knew I had arrived when I saw a white bull standing under a tree in the parking lot!

We stayed three nights at the YWCA, on Parliament Street. Each night I slept in a different room, and had more or less success staying warm using the heater. I had not expected it to be so cold in Delhi (below 10 degrees Celsius). Dad joked that the Y was covered in a blanket because of the weather. (In fact, it was covered by scaffolding as major renovations were underway).

(Dec 12) Dad was off in the morning to a local hospital for a head-to-toe, executive physical, which gave me time to rest and recover from my travels. Thanks to the TV. provided in my room, I also made the first of my great discoveries about India - Bollywood! (I love that there's music and dance in the films and I've since become such a fan that I bought a few movies on disc and even watch in Hindi without English subtitles!)

For lunch, we walked to a restaurant at Connaught Place, a famous Delhi landmark, characterized by an inner and outer circle and British Victorian architecture. Getting there meant cautiously crossing the street amongst the vehicles colourful and various, waving off beggars and street vendors and not tripping on roots or holes in the sidewalk.

Our tummies pleasantly full, we found a putt putt (motorized rickshaw) driver willing to take us to Purana Qila, the old fort. The air was hazy and the smoke made me cough, but we had a nice drive and stroll, and I took my first pictures.


(Dec 13) followed with a city tour covering New and Old Delhi in a tour bus.

Setting off from the tourist office located near a bazaar (it was flower market day), we spent the morning visiting important monuments such as Jantar Mantar (astrological observatory dating from the 1700’s the structures reminded me of works by Salvador Dali); Birla Mandir (20th century Hindu Temple inaugurate by Gandhi); and Qutab Minar (the tallest brick minaret in the world) and surrounding buildings most of which were in ruins.

After a quick stop to view the goods on sale at the Indian Textile Corp, our next stop was the Bahai Lotus Temple with its nine entrances representing the nine main world religions before lunch back at the tourist office coffee house. There I made my next discovery - elaichi (cardamom) tea!

In the afternoon, we drove through the noisy, narrow streets of Old Delhi. I remember school children running alongside our bus and making faces; lots and lots of little shops opening onto the street! I also spied two toddlers making away with puppies from a litter with the mother dog trying to corral them back!

Continuing our tour, we visited Lal Qila (Red Fort) an impressive complex mostly developed by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, which includes the royal and public pavilions. I was most impressed by the marble inlaid work which we later found again at Taj Mahal in Agra.

Our next stop was the Raj Ghat which is a simple memorial to Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhiji marking the site of his cremation. As I visited, walking in stockinged feet, music was playing and it was very moving.

Finally as the sun was beginning to lie low in the sky, we arrived at Humayun’s tomb, another most impressive example of Mughal architecture. Much as I was ready to become trigger-happy with my digital camera, Dad quietly let me know that it would pale in comparison to the Taj.

Our bus drove again through the streets back to the part of the city that puts the “New” in - New Delhi and, after a wee rest, we headed out to Connaught place again to a restaurant called the Banana Leaf where Southern Indian cuisine was on the menu. Dad told how when he lived in Sri Lanka he’d eat off a banana leaf which would then be swished off and then pushed through an opening in the wall of the restaurant, on the other side of which was a cow! Talk about yer recycling!

At this restaurant, was Discovery #3 halua, Indian sweet desserts!

Having travelled to Kathmandu some years ago, I couldn’t help but compare the two national capitals. Delhi surprised me being so very busy and noisy. It was such a mix of modern urban landscape and oriental bazaar. It was dirty with dust and trash everywhere, stray dogs and the occasional monkey, people sitting on sidewalks selling peanuts with a little open fire?. People were walking the streets hawking sleeping bags and handkerchiefs. Sharing the streets with the rickshaws and trucks were cars of all makes including luxury ones. Then of course there was the occasional cow. The Indian capital struck me more political and commercial than spiritual and more modern than the living museum that is Kathmandu.

*The Triangular Tour December 14-15-16*

/December 14/
After a lazy breakfast at the Y in the company of two French ladies, one of whom was on her way to attend some public lectures of the Dalai Lama, we met Ravi our driver to start out on the way to Jaipur.

There was a lot of haze and smog along the National Highway with poor visibility that reminded me of the fog of my native Newfoundland .

Having exited the city and passed through some new housing developments for the new middle-class, we gradually entered an area of fields and farmland and escaped the haze and air pollution of Delhi. I must say the roads we traveled were in excellent condition and that despite constant deviations due to construction to widen them. One wonders just how much traffic is expected along these roads in the coming years.

What did we see of the Indian countryside? Mustard, wheat, occasionally fields of rice. A camel, camels, and more camels! We passed though villages with their “strip malls” as Dad called them. Traffic. Cows. People. Sometimes a horse-drawn cart. Market stalls with fruits and vegetables. Such were the sights as we drove along.

After a stop for lunch (by which time the sun had come out so that we ate outside in a pleasant garden), we hit the road again. The terrain started to change becoming semi-arid and hilly. We had arrived in Rajasthan!

We first visited the Amber Palace, a remarkable fort with accompanying buildings that once was a royal capital before the founding of Jaipur. It is a very romantic setting in the rocky hills with a beautiful view and fascinating collection of buildings, of interest both for their beauty and their various functions.

I would love to return one day to see the new gardens which are currently being restored They grace the courtyard of rose-water scented fountains where the Maharaja and his Maharani would sit on a swing together during the monsoon rains.

After succumbing to the persistent (and ultimately successful) selling techniques of a young boy selling souvenir books, taking some photos of monkeys and descending from the hillside, we stopped alongside a very picturesque lake with a pavilion (once again under-renovation) and then visited a local government run (and perhaps therefore somewhat expensive) cooperative. The typical tourist goods: quilts, saris, dresses, men’s clothing and other textiles along with jewelry, figurines, prints and so on! were available and were certainly put on show. The man who greeted us and who presented various items to us certainly knew the sales scripts and I walked out having made my first purchases of gifts. (Later of course I learned I could have bought similar items for a much lower price, though I acknowledge, not of the same quality).

We arrived in Jaipur itself at twilight and so could not fully appreciate the so-called “pink city”? Passing the Hawa Mahal (palace of winds, a façade of terraced windows and screens behind which royal women would observe processions without being observed themselves), we made our way to our small hotel, the Jai Miswa, which I highly recommend.

/December 15/

Day 2 of the Triangular Tour began at the City Palace after breakfast at the hotel.

We visited an observatory very similar to the one in Delhi and took our time to examine the structures more carefully. Entering the palace proper, we viewed an exhibit of clothing and a workshop which reminded me of the Montreal flea market! It was very pleasant to stroll and chat with Dad within the palace complex and to take pictures without feeling pressed for time But time was of the essence so we left Jaipur, leaving much to be discovered, and hit the road en route to Agra via Bharatpur.

We spent two hours at the Keoladeo Ghana national park riding a rickshaw through the park accompanied by a guide on his bicycle. There was little water in the park due to poor monsoon rains, which made for a disappointment since Keoladeo Ghana is famous as a sanctuary for migratory water birds. Underground water was being pumped but was too saline to support the flocks which, we were told, had settled some 40-50 km from the sanctuary at a reservoir.

However we were rewarded by sightings of some of our feathered friends though in small numbers (notably -black-necked storks, Indian cranes, a heron and several Indian rollers) and were lucky to see many animals (sambar deer, spotted deer, nilgai a.k.a. blue antelope and a jackal).

As the sun was already setting as we head out again, we did not have time to visit the deserted city of Fathepur Sikri. I had been told it was not to be missed, and was glad for at least a view at a distance in the hazy sunset.

We arrived at a three-star hotel which made me feel somewhat lost. Were we still in India ? The place had a revolving restaurant! Supposedly there was a view of the Taj from my room, but it was hidden by the darkness by night and the haze by morning. But then, what did that since the following day, we were going to see the famous sight up close?

/December 16/

After a quick breakfast (in the no longer revolving restaurant), Ravi drove us as far as cars were allowed and then we went by rickshaw and shanks mare, arriving at the West Gate that leads to the Taj Mahal. At the ticket booth there was some frustration: the Indian rate was 20 rupees and for us foreigners it was 750 rupees! Also, the security was somewhat surreal. But it was all worth it once we entered.

It was a cool morning with great blue sky and tbe Taj Mahal was a beautiful sight. Dad suggested we walk in the parks first before walking to the famous main building. I am very glad we did that as it made me realize that the Taj is more about the white marble mausoleum, the famous temple of love. It is about the gardens and the other buildings, about the Yamuna River flowing behind, about imagining the Maharaja strolling contemplatively and quietly mourning his Maharaji within this sanctuary.

After a lovely visit and plenty of photos taken, we went on to Agra Fort where it took numerous attempts to purchase acceptable tickets. (Dad numerous times entered monuments at the Indian rate, showing his residence permit and impressing with his Hindi. However the Indian soldier who was controlling tickets had other ideas!) The architecture of the fort was very beautiful and there was a lovely, romantic view of the Taj Mahal from the river side of the Fort.

Leaving the crowded and somewhat dilapidated city of Agra, we made a stop at Sikandrabad, the tomb of Mughal Emperor Akbar. This was one of my favorite places we visited. The gates were particularily interested for the enormous flower inlays and symbols representing different religions. There were also deer and antelope in the park (!) though at safe distance from us. Our journey on the road back to Delhi brought us to a restaurant where they certainly pulled out all the stops for the tourists. Besides the usual restaurant and gift shop, we were greeted by a child dressed like Krishna and playing a stringed instrument (very annoying!) and received garlands of flowers. There were even snake charmers parked (!) outside the main entrance of what was in fact, a modern, hotel / villa / housing (?) complex.

Inside the restaurant, we were the only guests and we sat ourselves down to share a vegetarian lunch. Dad chatted with the waiters who were not a little fascinated that he speaks Hindi. There were the usual questions about where we are from, what we do, where we were going. Then the head waiter, Captain Raj Pal, had the grand idea of having Dad sign the guest book. Soon all of the waiters, some half dozen of them, encircled our table, cheerfully participating in the ceremony. The Captain dictated verses of praise for the service, and then it came to me to write the same in the guest book! in Hungarian! What a great moment that was! It makes me wonder if some of the greatest souls aren’t those who wait tables.

The drive through Delhi to Ghaziabad was tedious what with us getting stuck in rush hour Delhi traffic. Not much rushing to be done when everything's at a stand-still! Finally, after getting somewhat lost we were met by car in the dark by Vipin, Naipaul’s nephew, who escorted us to their home where we were received like - family!



For me, this was a turning point in my visit to India. Until then, I had visited monuments. Now I was able to discover India through meeting people and making friends.

(To be continued)

Sunday, December 9, 2007

WEEKEND IN MUSSOORIE: OCTOBER 6-8, 2007


I decided that it was time to venture away from the secure comforts of the campus and to escape to the hills for a weekend. Mussoorie sometimes called queen of the hill stations is relatively close by. So I headed out on Saturday Oct 6 at about 9:00 am to catch the bus to Dehradun about 40 km away. At Dehradun I hired a taxi to take me the rest of the way a further 35 km. I arrived at about 2:00 pm. The first order of business was to find myself a hotel. I eventually settled on the Hotel Rockland. It was a pretty good deal with hot and cold water at Rs 500/- ($12.50). I then set out to explore the town and walked from one end of the mall to the other. Mussoorie is reminiscent of Newcastle in Jamaica but a bit higher at 6000 ft (1830m) much more commercialized and much larger. Mussoorie was founded in 1823 by the British as a refuge from the heat of the plains which is still its main raison-d’etre today. Some of the old British Buildings are still there but most of the original buildings are submerged by newer generally banal structures built in recent years to accommodate the influx of Indian vacationers intent in escaping the heat of the plains!! By Oct 6 the weather on the plains had moderated, children were back at school and the off season had started, still there were lots of people around! The temperature was pleasant and a sweater or jacket was enough to keep one comfortably warm. In my usual fashion I meandered around the bazaar or the mall as it has always been called. On of my stops was at Cambridge Book Store where a certain Mr. Ruskin author was hanging out. Ruskin is one of the rare Englishmen who decided to remain in India after independence. There was also another author there a lady who writes on gardening and such stuff. Unfortunately, I have forgotten her name. The other character I met was Sikh storekeeper who was preparing for immigration to Winnipeg to join his uncle who owns three taxis. He expects to work for his uncle driving one of the taxis. I warned him that Canadian police enforce traffic laws much more strictly than in India and that he must always obey the rules of the road or he could easily loose his licence, of course he will first have to learn the rules! Driver education is a weak element in the Indian driver licensing system.

Sunday I went on a drive through the country by taxi to Dhanoli (50 km, both ways). I shared the cost with a French student and his Ladakhi girl friend. The highlight were views of the snow covered Himalaya. At Dhanoli we visited a herbal garden. They also grew a lot of flowers for the market mainly marigolds. In the evening I had supper at a Tibetan restaurant where I met a couple of young Canadian lady travellers who had just started their Indian adventure. They were planning to live on the cheap. I hoped it all worked out well for them.

Next day I joined a bus tour to Kempty Falls some 15 km to the northwest of Mussoorie. I was the only foreigner on the bus. One of the other passengers thought I was Indian because I was talking Hindi but he couldn’t have been listening all that well! The tour was over by 3:00 pm. After the tour I returned to the hotel picked up my knapsack caught a bus to Dehradun and another to Roorkee reaching home at about 7:00 pm in time for supper.

I am attaching a few pictures that will give you an idea of the place.

Phil Helwig,
Roorkee
Nov 24, 2007

Return to Sri Lanka








One of my plans while in South Asia was to return to Sri Lanka where I had lived for one year (1962-63) as a CUSO volunteer. The occasion came about sooner than I had expected when the boss asked me if I would like to attend an international conference on small hydro to be held in Kandy from Oct 21 to 23. The arrangement was that he would cover the conference fees and I would be responsible for the rest. It seemed a pretty good deal.

We left the campus on Saturday October 20 at about 9:30 am. There were four of us Dr. H.K. Verma and wife and Dr. M.F. Sharma who we met at Muzaffanagar on the way. It was a pleasant drive with a couple of comfort stops along the way. For much of the trip we followed the Ganga Canal left bank road, a picturesque route that kept us away from the crowded country towns. Although the road was narrow this detour did not cost us much additional time as there was little traffic. We arrived in Delhi at about 4:00 pm. It was Saturday and traffic was light. This allowed us to get through the city quickly and to reach the airport with lots of time to spare. Our flight with Sri Lankan Airlines left on time. I had the choice of a vegetarian or non-vegetarian meal for supper. I decided to become a carnivore for the remainder of the trip.

We arrived in Colombo at about 11:30 pm. There were no hang-ups going through customs and I was not asked to buy a tourist visa that would have cost me $ 50:00 US (versus $3:00 for my Indian friends). I was not sure what happened. Were conference attendees exempt or was it because I was listed as a member of the Indian contingent? Or was the official on duty simply tired and inattentive? Getting organised took a bit of time until we sorted out where we were to spend the night. We eventually set out for Palm Village Hotel at 30 minutes after mid night supposedly this hotel was close to the airport but it took us the best part of an hour to reach our destination. We travelled via secondary roads that had not seen any maintenance for many years and our rate of progress was slow perhaps 15 km/h on average (?). It appeared to me that when a country is embroiled in a civil war repair of secondary roads gets a low priority. It was pleasant once we got there and we all had a goodnight’s sleep. After breakfast we set off for Kandy the conference location, and incidentally, where I lived in 1962-63. With the exception of Regal Theatre I recognised nothing. The conference hotels the Topaz and Tourmaline were on hill tops that were jungle 44 years ago. Hotel Topaz where I stayed was excellent and the food first rate, offering Sri Lankan and Western dishes and some Indian selections. I concentrated on the Sri Lankan dishes that I had so much enjoyed when I lived in Sri Lanka in the 1960’s. The fruit selection was somewhat disappointing but many of my favourite fruits were out of season although I was later able to find sweet sop, mango stein and cherimoya in various markets. I enjoyed the conference immensely mainly for the social/networking opportunities as the technical content was a bit thin. The largest contingent was from Sri Lanka as one would expect followed by India, Nepal and Norway the conference co-sponsors. But there were representatives in one and twos from Austria, Bhutan, Iran, China, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, East Timor, Philippines, Nigeria, Peru, Sweden, U.K. and Uzbekistan. There was one German and one Canadian (me) who were both counted as Indians on account of our affiliations! I particularly enjoyed meeting the Nepalis. None were friends who I had known before but all knew one or other of my Kathmandu friends and colleagues from earlier days. Who knows I may get some future business out of these contacts!! I should mention that we were treated to the requisite number of cultural programs and I joined a half day trip to the elephant orphanage at Pinawela and then to a small but very elaborate Chinese built power plant - after all this was supposed to be work! The conference concluded on October 24.

After the conference I took a week of holidays to revisit old haunts and try and look up old friends. I decided to remain another day in Kandy to see the sites, notably the Dalada Maligawa (or Temple of the Tooth) where Lord Buddha’s tooth is preserved. It is worth noting that this famous Buddhist Temple also included statues to the Hindu God Shiva recognising the common roots of both religions.

From there I went by taxi to see Victoria Dam. This arch dam is one of the key elements of the large Mahaveli Irrigation System. At first the guards were reluctant to let me go to the dam but they eventually changed their minds. Evidently I did not look much like a (Tamil) tiger, so I was allowed to go up to the lookout but not to take any pictures. In calmer days they would have entertained large numbers of visitors and had laid out a spacious parking area and built a fine restaurant overlooking the dam. In those days visits into the dam’s inspection tunnel were also a regular part of the Victoria Dam experience. Behind the dam is a large lake in which, I was told, supports an important fresh water fishery. I ended the day with a quick visit to Royal Botanical Gardens Peradenya that is surely one of the loveliest public gardens anywhere.

Next day Oct 26th I set out by train to Nuwara Eliya at about elevation 2000m. There were no observation car seats available so I went second class. I was able to get a seat among a group of high school athletes from Kuranegala and their teachers, the girls were competing in karam and the boys in rugger. It was a pleasant 2½ trip. In Nuwara Eliya I stayed in McLeod Lodge, formerly the summer home of the Bandaranaike family (Mrs. B was prime minister of Ceylon/Sri Lanka in 1962-63 when I lived there). It is a large house but otherwise quite ordinary. The two days I stayed there were overcast and it rained each day from 1:00 pm until 7:00 pm and it was chilly besides: shades of Newfoundland! On my second day there I walked around Nuwara Eliya Lake and visited Victoria Gardens. Then in the afternoon I went by taxi to visit a tea factory and to see several nearby waterfalls. In the 1960’s I had passed through Nuwara Eliya many times but this was my first proper visit.

I left on the morning of October 28th again via train with destination Colombo. Again no luck with observer car tickets, it seems you must plan ahead for such comforts and planning ahead is not one of my strong points! So again it was second/third class but this time no seat. So I stood up or cotched, on the edge of a seat, for most of the four hour trip. However, I had the pleasure of meeting the Obeysekera family and Manori their charming daughter who teaches maths in an international school; in Colombo. I also met some members of the Kuranegala High School rugger team who had lost their match in the quarter finals and were going home early. The girls karam team seemed to be doing better. While travelling by train I saw two Canadian locomotives the Newfoundland and Vancouver City. These locomotives were given as aid by Canada under the Colombo Plan in the 1960’s and are still providing good service 40 odd years later. At least a dozen were supplied one for each province and a couple or more named after cities.

In Colombo I stayed at the Mount Empire Inn a small but comfortable two star hotel but with a singularly uninspired name. The name didn’t resonate with me and I had a hard time remembering it. Fortunately, the address was more distinctive! It is one thing to get lost in a foreign country but it is much worse to lose your hotel!! On my first day in Colombo I tried contacting friends from the old days. I was only able to track down Tamitegama (Tami) unfortunately he was away in India. However, his wife Lorraine invited me over to join her and some friends for lunch. It was a gourmet affair of finely prepared Sri Lankan and South Asian dishes and good company too. Both Tami and Lorraine are both very active in the Sri Lanka Alzheimer’s Society and provide much needed services to patients and their families. While in Colombo I also visited the Dehiwala Zoo. The zoo has an excellent collection of birds and animals particularly monkeys, but several displays were in shabby conditions. Clearly money for zoos is also a low priority. While I was there the Tamil Tigers staged a spectacular raid on the air force base near Anuradhapura and destroyed 17 to 20 aircraft (mostly helicopters I guess). The cost to replace this equipment was said to be in the order of $ 400 million! So shortage of money to repair secondary roads or to find mates for lonely animals at the zoo is likely to continue.

After a couple of days in Colombo I headed south to Hikkaduwa on October 31st for a proper beach holiday. Hikkaduwa is quite a tourist town spread out along kilometres of fabulous golden beaches. The town has recovered well from the tsunami of 2004. It would appear that businesses probably were favoured when relief money was given out. I think the more robust structures survived quite well although ground level furnishings were destroyed or simply floated away. The famous railway carriages are parked in the railway station and are slowly rusting away. Elsewhere foundations and the few standing ruins are already overgrown with vegetation as if this tragic event happened decades ago. The proper tourist season had not yet started so hotel guests were few. Swiss, Austrians and Germans seemed to be the most adventurous as Sri Lanka’s civil problems tend to scare tourists away. Actually, the south and central areas that I visited are mostly free from the strife that afflicts the North-central, Eastern and Northern provinces. I stayed at Sunil’s Beach Hotel and spent a couple of lazy days in Hikkaduwa. I swam mostly in the Hotel pool because the sea at this season was too rough, except for at sheltered location some distance from the hotel where I swam once. I also went on a short cruise (30 minutes!) in a glass bottomed boat to view fish life in a reef. The reef took quite a pummelling in the tsunami but appears to be recovering. The fish are relatively abundant but in fewer varieties than one would normally see in a coral reef. I also went on a sunset paddle around a lagoon to see the bird life and supposedly some spectacular rookeries. Spectacular rookeries there were none and the surroundings a bit too affected by human activity to be ideal places for roosting. A visit to a Buddhist temple was more interesting. Nonetheless it was a pleasant and tranquil time and I saw quite enough flying creatures birds (crows, egrets, kingfishers, fly catchers and bats – big flying foxes and smaller bats) to make the venture worthwhile. On my last day in Hikkaduwa I attended the dedication of a new restaurant, according to some traditions the first guest is supposed to bring good luck. I hope this is true for Mr. and Mrs. Lionel who are owners of this establishment.

I took my old note book on Sinhala language and tried to communicate. I could recall a few phrases such as: mage badda piruna (my tummy is full), keyada wyasa? (how old are you?) mama maha nuwara-ta hitiya (I used to live in Kandy) and not much else come to think of it! I got a many laughs for my efforts but I can no longer communicate in an effective manner in Sinhala.

I returned to Colombo on November 2nd again travelling by train. Travelling by train is incredibly cheap. The trip from Hikkaduwa to Colombo about 100 km cost about 90 cents Canadian.

The following afternoon I caught the plane back to Delhi, spent the night in a Karol Bagh hotel and returned to Roorkee by bus the next day, Sunday - November 4th.

I am attaching some photos for you to enjoy.

Phil Helwig
December 7, 2007

Wednesday, October 3, 2007

September in Roorkee.

On Sept. 23 I went in to the bazar to buy a new pair of shoes since my fine Italian shoe were in dire need of repairs and I needed an extra pair while the repair work was being done. I bought a new pair for an excellent price of Rs 250/- ($ 6.00) but I had scarcely gone a hundred metres before this new pair started to fall apart. So back I went to the shoe store where I was able to exchange these cheap shoes for something better plus Rs 50/-. On the way home I stopped at a confectionary to buy some sweets as I expected to entertain one of the neighbours in a day or so. I ate one of the sweets which was enough to precipitate a bout of tummy trouble. This was the last of three incidents in September.

Earlier I was in a collision with a scooter and fell on the roadway getting scrapes and bruises to my left shoulder and elbow, knees and small puncture wounds to both palms and two fingers one on each hand. Luckily there were no concussion, sprains or broken bones. I am now fully recovered. The cost to repair my bike was about 80 cents (CAN). It was my fault as I did not signal that I was turning since I though no one was behind me.

Then I had another small mishap. In the night I stepped into a ditch which should have been covered and took another tumble. The damage this time was limited to a few scrapes to my right hand which was holding on to my umbrella. I am pretty well recoverd from this as well. Hopefully I will avoid such dramas in October. The good news is that the weather has turned and the temperature is quite pleasant in the mornings and evenings and the sky clear all day long. This is the start of the best season. I will be going to Sri Lanka for a conference and will take a short holiday after that. So long for now.
Daddio

PS
Yahoo is driving me nuts so I am using my gmail account. However please use Yahoo for sending messages.

ARCHES: STRUCTURES OF STRENGTH AND BEAUTY



By P.C.Helwig
Telegram Special for Engineering Week: March 3/2001

Have you ever traveled on Route 91 between Colinet and Placentia? Did you stop for a visit to Cataracts Provincial Park? If you didn’t, you should have – because you would have discovered the beautiful Cataracts Bridge (see Photo 1), which is the centrepiece of the Park. This elegant structure was built exactly 75 years ago. The contractor was H. Simmons, from the Colinet area, and design engineer Rudolph Cochius, apparently from Montreal.

The arch is a structure of strength and beauty and of ancient lineage. Builders of ancient times had few choices of building materials. Their preferred building materials for durable construction were stone or fired bricks rather than wood; since wooden structures were vulnerable to fire, rot and termites. Simple structures in stone could only span a few metres, the extent of a single slab, since stone is weak is tension. Ancient builders discovered that this shortcoming of stone, or masonry construction, could be overcome if the structure was formed in a curved or “arched” shape, with each stone supported by its neighbor. With the proper shape, external loads would be supported entirely in compression by the stones forming an arch ring of wedge-shaped (voussoir) stones, thereby benefiting from the great strength of stone in compression. This type of design permitted very much larger spans between supporting pillars and abutments than was possible for simple stone structures.

Historians differ in their opinions about the discoverers of the principle of the arch; some suggest the Sumerians of Mesopotamia (ca. 14th century B.C.) but most credit the Etruscans (ca. 5th century B.C.). However, it was the Roman engineers, who capitalized on the advantages of arch structures to build some of the most useful and enduring structures of all time. Consider the Puente Romano at Alcántara, Spain, (see Photo 2) built by Caius Julius Lacer, in 104 A.D. for Emperor Trajan and still in use after almost 1900 years. Another spectacular structure is the Pont du Gard Aqueduct (see Photo 3) in France, built in 18 B.C. to supply water to Nemansus (now Nîmes). It operated reliably for about 300 years, eventually ceasing to function through lack of maintenance.

The Romans also perfected construction of the dome, a three dimensional form of the arch. Their greatest dome is the dome of the Pantheon (Temple for all the Roman Gods) in Rome that was built in A.D. 102 for Emperor Hadrian. In 609 it was rededicated as a church to Madonna and All the Martyrs and is still in service today. With a diameter of 43.3 m (142 ft) it is slightly larger than the dome of St. Peters, in Rome and still one of the largest, if not the largest, masonry dome ever built.

For all their accomplishments, it appears that the Romans never developed a scientific understanding of the structural behaviour of arches, and that their understanding and rules of practice were entirely derived from practical experience.

The first concerted attempts to develop the science of arch behaviour were not taken up until the 1700’s, when this question was explored, both theoretically and experimentally, by the greatest engineers of that era, notably – Hooke, Coulomb and Castigliano. The challenge was to apply the new rules of Newtonian mechanics and elasticity to describe the behaviour of the masonry arch. However, it wasn’t until a century later – the mid 1800’s that a complete rational design method was available in the standard engineering text books. Co-incidentally, about the time that the masonry arch construction was losing favour to construction in other materials, cast iron, steel and concrete!

Interestingly, the study of masonry arch bridges was revived in the 1940’s when military planners and highway engineers in Britain became concerned about the strength of aging masonry arch bridges, built in the horse and buggy era, to support modern traffic loads. Prof. Jacques Heymann of Cambridge University extended this work in the 1980s, using modern plastic analysis and was able to show that 90% of Britain’s 70,000 masonry arch bridges are safe for modern traffic. To replace them all would have cost about $14 Billion (CDN).

Arch dams form another interesting category of arch structures where the applied load is transferred by arch action into the valley walls. While the earliest arch dams date back to the 1600’s in Spain, technology of arch dam design and construction was largely developed in the twentieth century.

The modern arch dam, built in concrete, is a structure of complex geometry and subject to a variety of loading conditions, from water, ice and temperature. Now-a-days, arch dam design is always carried out with the aid of computers. The arch dam is the preferred design where a river is confined in a gorge or steep sided valley. Arch dams figure among the highest dams ever built, such as Inguri (Republic of Georgia) 272 m, Vajont (Italy) 262 m and Ertan (China) 245 m. Paradise River Arch Dam, completed in 1988, near Monkstown, (see Photo 4) is small compared to these giants, but at 43 m in height, it is 78 % as tall as Confederation Building. The volume of concrete required in its construction was 3,240 m³ compared to about 15,000 m³ that would have been required if constructed as a conventional concrete gravity dam. Except for the parapet walls and spillway overhang, no reinforcing steel was used in its construction.

Therefore, in addition to strength and beauty a further attribute of arch construction is efficiency!



Article contributed by Phil Helwig, P.Eng. AMEC E&C Services Limited. Phil was the designer of record for the Paradise River Arch Dam. (Phil can be contacted at hydrophil2003@yahoo.ca)

More information about arches can be found from the following sources.

a) Book/Magazines:

“Testing Times for Arches”
by Bill Harvey
New Scientist – May 15, 1986 issue.

“Bridging: Discovering the Beauty of Bridges”
by R.S. Cortright
available from
American Society of Civil Engineers
(www.asce.org)

“The Masonry Arch”
by Jacques Heyman
Wiley and Sons
Rexdale, Ontario
A basic knowledge of calculus and statics is required to understand this book.

b) Video Tape:

“Building Big”
5-part video series
$69.95 U.S.
Available from
American Society for Civil Engineers
(or wait for a re-run on PBS Television, one episode features domes, another bridges).

c) On the internet:

www.britanica.com/arches about arch structures in general
www.myron.sjsu.edu/ROMEWEB/ENGINEER about Roman engineering
www.usbr.gov/cdams about U.S. arch dams
www.ot.nimes.fr about Pont du Gard Aqueduct

d) Government of Newfoundland
Ms. Lynn Evans
Director of Public Relations
Dept. of Works, Services and Transportation
Confederation Building
St. John’s, NF Tel: (709) 729-3015 about Cataracts Bridge

e) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
Mr. Trevor Arbuckle, P.Eng.
Manager – Hydro Generation
Bay d’Espoir, NF (709) 882-2551 about Paradise River Arch Dam

CENTRAL AMERICAN ADVENTURES - 2003.



My original plan was to write up a weekly progress report to e-mail to Canada but the computer at the internet café would not co-operate so I finally gave up. Hopefully, now that I am back in the office, with help available, I will be luckier.

To begin, I had for sometime planned a lengthy visit to Guatemala to study Spanish. Why Guatemala (?) that itself is a long story, suffice to say it started in Whitehorse in 1996 where I met a young fellow who highly recommended the place also mentioning the cost of Spanish language courses to be very affordable. Subsequently, several other people recommended the country and especially the schools in the second city of Quetzaltenango. On a more practical level, a friend of a friend living in Quetzaltenango recommended three Spanish schools. I then checked them out on their websites and selected Instituto Centro America (ICA) - Escuela de Español, which was in the middle of the price range. The program included five hours of instruction daily with an individual teacher, a program of recreational and/or cultural events in the afternoons and weekends plus room and board with a family. All this for $ 200 (Canadian) per week!

To complete this introduction, I would like to mention the following facts about the place:
• The local name for Quetzaltenango is Xela: pronounced Shayla. This name is used throughout Guatemala for the City. Quetzaltenango is also the name for one of Guatemala’s 22 departments (provinces) and is normally used only in reference to this department.
• Xela is located in a high mountain valley at elevation 2,270 m (7,450 ft.) and the weather is cool at nights (down to 2° C) but very pleasant during the day (18-20o C).
• Xela is in an area where the majority of the population are Maya Indians.
• Xela has a population of about 500,000.
• Most of the tourists are Spanish language students studying at one of the 22 private language schools in the City!
• A curious practice common in Central America is to call the dry season, summer and the rainy season, winter. Therefore, summer in Guatemala lasts from November through May and winter from June through October contrary to the calendar definition for countries in the Northern Hemisphere!

I left Montreal on Saturday, January 4 at 6:00 a.m. via American Airlines to Guatemala City via Miami reaching there at 1:00 p.m. local time (CST). I was met at the airport by Hipolito and taken to Dos Lunas Guesthouse, a five-room establishment in the suburbs near the airport. Next morning, Sunday January 5, I traveled by Galgos Bus (tourist class!!) to Xela via the Pan American Highway. The trip took four hours with a half hour rest stop at a restaurant midway. The highway was in excellent condition as were all the major roads in the country. After arriving at Xela, I hiked the two blocks from the bus terminal to the school office to meet the Director, Enriquez Diaz, and he took me over to my “family” - the Lopez’s, whose house was a couple of blocks from the school and adjacent to the Xela Branch of Gallo Brewery!

The school was in a rather ordinary building with classrooms, or rather cubicles, arranged around a courtyard that was sunlit from 9:30 a.m. until 3:00 p.m. Classes were from 8:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. with a snack break at 11:00 a.m. Snacks of local delicacies were on sale most days, prepared by one or other of the teachers to earn a little extra pocket money. Lunch, the main meal of the day, would be at 1:30 p.m. and would be eaten at “home” with the student’s family. A program of cultural activities was organized in the afternoons and weekends.

During the first week, there were about nine students with numbers increasing by twos and threes for each of the following weeks. Except for the last week when a gang of about 24 students showed up from a U.S. college on a “semester abroad” program. The student body was very diverse with students from the U.S., Germany, Holland and Japan. The students were either recent grads or still studying for their degrees. Their motives for studying Spanish were almost as diverse as their origins, from learning Spanish for travel to preparing themselves for careers in law, medicine, social work, international trade or international development. Several anticipated that they would need to speak in Spanish fluently to effectively serve Hispanic clients in the U.S. They were a very fine group of young people and studying and traveling with them was one of the highlights of my experience in Guatemala.

My own program of study focused on two areas of language, learning the verbs - especially the numerous irregular verbs, and conversation/vocabulary acquisition. I had a different teacher each week, Irwin, Leyti, Miguel and Fernanda. We covered a lot of ground but still needed another week to tackle the subjunctive form of the verb! One of the clear benefits of this kind of program is that I was able to practice what I learned in class with my family in the evening. Other learning opportunities came about in negotiating ordinary daily chores such as, shopping, ordering meals in restaurants, dealing with folks in the Laundromat, the barbershop and the hardware store, etc. The hardware store caused me the biggest problem when I went to buy a tube of magic glue. I remembered the word for magic but forgot to look up the word for glue before going to the store! I finally got what I wanted but it took a while.

I will now mention some of the most interesting after hour activities. The first of these activities was an afternoon trip to Zunil a small town about 40 minutes by “chicken” bus from Xela. We visited a flourishing co-operative that produced woven produces for tourists and export. We also visited the shrine to San Simon a traditional Maya god whose personage has been incorporated in the popular (but not official) form Roman Catholicism. Syncretism is the word I think!

A novel adventure was a visit to the Prision de Mujeres (Women’s Prison). More correctly, this was a detention centre for mainly first time offenders awaiting their day in court. The school was providing support for the women during their period in the centre, which could last many months. Mostly it was an occasion for socializing and checking out their basketball skills. One short plump lady was amazing; she could hit the basket from just about anywhere on the court!

Another town we visited was Salajaca, which is a major traditional textile producing center. We visited a dyeing plant and weaving operation there. The oldest church in Central American is located in this place but was not open to the public since it was undergoing renovation.

We also visited Fuentes Georgina thermal springs about 10 km, beyond Zunil, where the warm waters are trapped in a swimming pool. This was a perfect way to recover after climbing to the top of a nearby ridge.

Another afternoon we walked from the outskirts of Xela to another thermal spring billed as a natural sauna. I went along for the walk but skipped the sauna experience.

On my first weekend I joined a group of other students on an ascent of Volcano Santa Maria. This was a major undertaking as it involved a climb (and return) of about 1200 m+, vertically to reach the top. We started at 6:00 a.m. from the school traveling by pickup to the beginning of the trail 5 km outside of town. A Canadian friend Graham (a.k. Felipe) also joined us. It was a steady climb of about five hours for me to reach the top (about one hour slower than the kids!) but I made it. Graham decided that he was not fit enough to follow us and turned back half way up. The view from the top was spectacular and well worth the effort. The elevation at the top was 3770 m (12,400 feet). This is similar to the highest points I reached in Nepal, but of course in Nepal that is where the mountains really start. Near the summit, the ground was frozen, in fact the condition of the trail in some areas, where the ground under foot was a combination of black mud and ice, was especially treacherous. I survived the worst, only to fall flat on my face in a section of track that was almost flat! We returned to the school at 5:30 p.m.

The other major expedition organized by the school was a daylong visit to Panajachel, arguably one of the most spectacular natural sights in the whole of Central America. Panajachel is the largest town on the shoreline of Lake Atitlan a lake trapped between an inland range of mountains and a coastal volcanic range. We were six (I think) including our guide Miguel. With Miguel’s assistance we rented a boat for the remainder of the day and cruised the lake visiting Santiago Atitlan, San Antonio and Sta. Caterina, in addition to Panajachel. We lunched at Sta. Caterina on freshly caught fish from the lake. We traveled by local buses also called “chicken” buses by trekkers, but there were no chickens. Travel by bus is amazingly cheap and we only spent about Q 12 (about $ 2.50) for 140 km of traveling to and fro.

Two other events at the school were also memorable, a conference by an ex guerilla fighter Comandante Tino and a folk dancing concert by young Mayan students.

I also arranged a few activities on my own, notably:

• A tour of El Canada Hydroelectric Development with Graham (Felipe) Seward. Of interest: the site investigation for this development was carried out by a friend and former colleague Dave Besaw, while Graham was previously in charge of the construction phase of the Trishuli Devighat Project in Nepal ( I was responsible for the design phase). It’s a small world indeed.
• An interview with an expert on Maya culture and language.
• A visit to Antigua, for a couple of days before leaving Guatemala. Antigua is a World heritage site and was, at its height, the capital of Spanish Central America. It was destroyed by a series of earthquakes during the 1700’s when the capital was relocated to present day Guatemala City. Antigua would have been very wealthy in its heyday and evidence of this are the numerous ruins mostly churches, some of which have been restored while restoration work is continuing on others.

I left Xela on Thursday, January 30 to Antigua, where I spent two days as a tourist. From there I continued to Guatemala City for my last night in the country, before leaving on February 2, for Nicaragua.

The finale of my adventures was a short visit to meet friends in Nicaragua. This trip was only for four days, but courtesy of ATDER (Asociation de trabajadores de desarollo rurale). I was able to see quite a bit of the country, mainly in the area northwest of Matagalpa. ATDER is an NGO working on small development projects in rural Nicaragua, mainly water supply and mini-hydro projects. I was able to visit a couple of their projects and to meet some folks involved in the hydro business there.

Overall, I had a most interesting and rewarding vacation and am very pleased with my progress in Spanish. My comprehension is good and conversation skills adequate to work in Spanish as an engineer, if the occasion should ever arise.

I am attaching a few pictures to complete this account. I hope you enjoy reading it.

Philip Helwig

April 6, 2003

TRAVELS IN VIETNAM 2005






I went to Vietnam as a sub-consultant to SNC-Lavalin (Vancouver) with in the position of Team Leader on the 110 MW Ban Chat Hydropower Project. Our base was Hanoi and our client was Power Engineering Consulting Company # 1 of Vietnam (PECC1). We were there to review and to advise on their designs for two projects (two teams): Ban Chat and Huoi Quang projects. I came as the replacement for the original team leader who had health problems. Later I took over as waterway design expert as well as the engineer assigned by SNC-Lavalin lacked the necessary design experience to do the work. The terms of reference and expectation of the client were far from clear and it seemed to me that there was little interest in many of the areas defined in the terms of reference. PECC1’s design was basically satisfactory and many of our suggestions concerned refinements in details that offered potential cost savings or simplification to construction. Most of the suggested cost savings were minor when compared with the overall price tag and were of little interest to the Vietnamese Director, Mr. Hung. His main interest, when all was said and done, was to access SNC-Lavalin’s expertise on the design and construction of RCC (roller compacted concrete) dams an area in which SNC-Lavalin is well experienced.

The easy interpersonal relationships which were the norm in Nepal were unfortunately absent in Vietnam. The several consultants working with PECC1 from Canada, Russia and Switzerland each worked in separated ghettos with limited contact with Vietnamese counterparts. Eating arrangements at lunch time were likewise segregated, foreigners at their assigned tables and Vietnamese at other tables, so much for solidarity of the proletariat!!
Communication was also a problem as few people spoke English or French, even in the professional classes. Vietnamese is a very difficult language to learn for foreigners and probably Vietnamese find European languages likewise incomprehensible. We relied enormously on our secretary/translator Tuyen as translator and advisor on protocol.

With the exception of the bureaucratic machine that was PECC1 there was little evidence of that Vietnam is a communist country on the contrary one gets the impression of a vigorous capitalistic economy with every conceivable consumer good on sale in hundreds of small shops lining the streets. The economy seems to be growing quickly and the standard of living improving apace. The country is now in the scooter age and the streets are saturated with scooters and motor cycles. Street crossing in day or night was guaranteed to provide a thrill. If the Vietnamese cannot resist the allure of the automobile one can predict monster traffic jams in Hanoi in the near future.

Altogether my assignment lasted seven weeks from Oct 3 to Nov 20, 2005. During this period I stayed in Hanoi and explored the city, checked out the restaurants, attended one show at the Hanoi Opera and joined the Indian community and friends for Diwali festivities. On my final weekend I made contact with a language school and looked forward to a part time volunteer job during the second phase of the project that unfortunately did not materialize. The limited traveling I did was at the completion of my assignment. An account of these travels is given below.


Sunday Nov. 20:
I packed up my belongings at Asean Hotel, stored books; extra stuff and computer then took an ordinary bus from Hanoi to Ha Long Bay. The trip lasted from 11 am to 3 pm with a stop for lunch. At Ha Long Bay I hooked up with a friend of the bus driver who took me over to Ho Toy Hotel on hotel row. In this part of town there are several small hotels that all look alike and have similar names therefore it was important not to lose the business card of the hotel!
Across the road was a small café/hotel with only one guest. Stopped there for a coffee and met the owner, her son, daughter-in-law and new baby. I was invited to join them for supper at no extra charge and then to watch the Vietnam vs. Thailand international football match on TV. Vietnam won.

Monday, Nov.21:
After breakfast of Vietnamese beef noodle soup, I joined three young ladies, a Dane, her Danish/Vietnamese friend and the latter’s cousin. We spent most of the day, from 8:30 am to 2:30 pm cruising among the islands of Ha Long Bay. We visited two of the islands, the first to explore a large cave and the second to climb to a lookout on the summit from which we had a splendid view of the bay and its many rocky islands. This area is now a famous tourist destination and is a “must-see” destination in Vietnam. There were tourists from several countries including: France, China, Korea, Japan, etc. It was passed the peak season, so tour boats of which there is a substantial fleet were only part full or tied up. Our boat with a capacity of 18-20 had only the four of us as paying passengers. It is indeed a spectacular place, but would be better still if there was less haze in the air. I was told that, on clear days of the rainy season it is much better. I joined my host (Mr. Fix-it) for beer and sausages followed by a Vietnamese supper at the German restaurant near my hotel.

Tuesday, Nov 22:
In the morning I took it easy and treated myself to a fancy breakfast in Hanoi Restaurant Dong 85,000 ($ 6.00) and then wandered along the beach until lunch which I bought on the sidewalk for Dong 9,000 (65 cents). In the afternoon I returned to Hanoi in a mini bus with back-packers from Ireland and Canada (Montreal). It took a while to find a hotel in downtown Hanoi but finally I settled in to Freedom Hotel at US $20.00 per night. Later that evening I visited my favorite restaurant the Green Tangerine and dined with an Australian couple I met there. They are writers. We discussed books and engineering as we ate.

Wednesday, Nov 23:
I breakfasted at Mocha’s coffee house where I met a young American lady working in the textile industry. She was in Vietnam to recruit a compliance inspector to monitor factories manufacturing garments for her company in the U.S. Spent the rest of the day organizing my trip to Nepal. That evening I had supper at Mama Rosa’s Restaurant where I bumped into a Canadian foursome from Quebec City. One of the group was a Ms. Pinsent from Grand Falls (NF). She has lived many years in Quebec City and speaks flawless French. That evening I decided to take in a concert at the Opera House where the Budapest Opera Orchestra was playing. Unfortunately, the tickets were “sold out” and only scalpers tickets were available at ridiculous prices $100!! I’ll wait until I visit Budapest to hear this orchestra.

Thursday, Nov 24:
I had breakfast again at Mocha’s and this time met a most interesting group of Americans: Suel Jones from Alaska a volunteer with Vietnam Freedom Village, Dan Rocovits – World Village foundation both organizations dedicated to repair some of the damages of the American War. Later a couple of young film makers joined us. They were researching the history of the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Hopefully, we will see the results of their efforts on PBS someday soon. My project today was to visit and photograph the Long Bien Bridge and Sông Hông River (Red River). This bridge is very famous as it was the sole link to the coal fields of Haiphong which were vital to the Vietnamese war effort. The Americans made many attempts to take the bridge out, but the Vietnamese displayed extraordinary ingenuity in making repairs and were able to put the bridge back in service with extraordinary rapidity after each attack. The result is a curious looking bridge that appears as if each section was designed by a different engineer!! After a late lunch I attended a concert at the famous water puppet theatre a unique production in which the puppets all float in a shallow pool of water.
Then at 6:20 pm I left for the airport en route to Bangkok and Kathmandu.

After a three week vacation in Nepal I returned again to Hanoi on Dec 12.

Monday, Dec 12:
I got up early to avoid problems at Bangkok Airport. The flight from Bangkok to Hanoi with Thai Airlines was routine. Hanoi on arrival was overcast and cool so I could comfortably wear my new Nepali jacket. Staff at Asean Hotel were glad to see me again.

Tuesday, Dec 13:
For my last full day in Vietnam I decided to join a group tour to visit Perfume Pakoda, that is not a pagoda at all but a cave which has been a place of worship for many centuries.

Wednesday-Thursday, Dec 14:
I left Hanoi at 1:30 p.m. for Taipei, a trip of about two and a half hours arriving around 5:00 p.m. I checked into Transit Hotel until 9:30 p.m., then caught the plane to Vancouver at midnight arriving at 6:00 p.m. on Dec 14, thus regaining the day lost on the trip out! After supper and a movie on television I fell asleep and did not wake up until 2:00 p.m. so much for the benefit of an extra day!

Thursday, Dec 15:
I went over to SNC-Lavalin’s office for a debriefing session then caught Air Canada’s 2:00 p.m. flight to Montreal arriving just before midnight. So ended this most recent of Asian adventures.

I am attaching a few pictures that I took myself and also a power point presentation on Hanoi that Nicole found on the web. Enjoy.


Best wishes (belatedly).

Phil Helwig

Sept 22, 2007